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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 12:02 am
Time: 12:02 am
Results for hotspots of crime
2 results foundAuthor: Hart, Timothy C. Title: Effects of Data Quality on Predictive Hotspot Mapping Summary: The purpose of the current research was to contribute to the improved robustness of predictive crime mapping techniques. Our goal was to investigate the effect of data quality on predictive hotspot mapping analysis in order to achieve the following three objectives: 1. Determine empirical descriptions of the quality of a range of “typical” geocoding techniques employed in crime mapping, including their completeness, positional accuracy and repeatability; 2. Characterize the effects of data quality on the robustness of selected predictive crime hotspot mapping techniques; and 3. Determine the effects of analysis method, crime type, urban morphology and parameter settings for predictive crime hotspot mapping techniques given a range of typical data quality parameters within the context of the accuracy and precision of hotspot prediction. The current study analyzed over 400,000 crime incident records from six large law enforcement jurisdictions in the U.S. Details: Final Report to the U.S. National Institute of Justice, 2012. 89p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 24, 2012 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/239861.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/239861.pdf Shelf Number: 126992 Keywords: Crime AnalysisCrime Mapping (U.S.)Hotspots of Crime |
Author: Bowers, Kate J. Title: Spatial displacement and diffusion of benefits among geographically focused policing initiatives Summary: What happens to surrounding neighborhoods when more police are put in high crime areas? Do criminals just move to nearby neighborhoods or do the crime-fighting benefits spread? A systematic review of international research finds that increasing police presence in problem areas not only reduces crime in those areas, but can also lead to less crime in nearby areas. A common criticism of focused policing efforts (such as hotspots policing, 'crackdowns', or problem-oriented policing) is that it does not address the root causes of crime; criminals just move to another neighborhood. This is known as 'crime displacement'. Criminal activity can in fact shift in a number of different ways. It can move from one neighborhood to another, the time of day crime occurs can change, different targets may be chosen, how the crime is commited may change (e.g. breaking windows versus picking locks). There can be changes in the type of offences committed and in the people engaging in crime (new offenders replace old). In theory, these kinds of changes in criminal activity can cancel out the benefits of increased police efforts in problem areas. It has also been argued, however, that increasing police presence in one area can have positive effects for nearby areas. There can be a 'bonus effect' of a reduction in crime in nearby neighborhoods. It is important to consider both negative and positive side effects of focused policing when deciding on policing strategies. This review includes 44 studies. The majority of the studies are from the USA (30) but studies from the United Kingdom (10) Sweden (3) and Australia (1) are also included. Each study evaluates a focused policing intervention which was limited to a physical area (smaller than a city/region), uses some quantitative measure of crime, and reports original research findings. The studies evaluate a broad range of interventions implemented in different contexts, including Problem-Orientated Policing (12), Police Crackdowns (10), Police Patrols (7), Community-oriented policing (5) and Hotspot policing (4). This review focuses on two primary outcomes: the effect of focused policing on crime levels in the target neighborhood; and the effect of focused policing on nearby neighborhoods. A meta-analysis of sixteen studies to examine the effect on the target neighborhood shows that focused policing reduces crime in the target neighborhood. The evidence also indicates that when focused policing is implemented, crime levels change in nearby areas more than would be expected if there was no focused policing in the target neighbourhood. The weight of the evidence shows that crime is reduced in these areas. This suggests that focused policing is more likely to result in a spread of crime control benefit than simply moving criminals to the closest neighbourhood. Details: Oslo: Campbell Collaboration, 2011. 147p. Source: Internet Resource: Campbell Systematic Reviews, 2011:3: Accessed March 19, 2018 at: https://www.campbellcollaboration.org/library/geographically-focused-policing.html Year: 2011 Country: International URL: https://www.campbellcollaboration.org/library/geographically-focused-policing.html Shelf Number: 149524 Keywords: Crime DisplacementFocused PolicingHigh Crime AreasHotspots of CrimePolice CrackdownsProblem-Oriented Policing |